A child of mass
m stands on a swing's seat, with their CM at distance
ℓ from the pivot. The child is held at angle
θ0 from vertical and released from rest. As they pass through the lowest point of the swing, they instantaneously pull themselves up so that their CM is now at distance
ℓ′<ℓ from the pivot. To what maximum angle
θ1 from vertical does the swing rise on the opposite side?
Treat the pull-up as instantaneous, neglect the change in the child's moment of inertia about their CM, and assume the rope remains taut throughout. Express your answer in terms of
θ0,
ℓ, and
ℓ′.