A star system consists of a primary star and several planets. The total mass of the system (star plus all planets) is
M0. At a certain instant, all the planets are aligned with the star along a single axis. At this instant, the barycenter (center of mass) of the system is located at a distance
r0 from the center of the star.
Suppose an additional planet of mass
m were also present on this axis, located at a distance
4r0 from the center of the star, in the same direction as the original barycenter. The barycenter of this augmented system would instead be at a distance
2r0 from the center of the star.
What is the mass
m of the additional planet? (Answer in term of
M0)